Free Radicals
What are free radicals?
Free radicals are unstable oxygen molecules formed by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is caused by breathing, digestion, cigarette smoke, or environmental pollution. Essentially, when a healthy molecule is attacked by oxidative stress, the molecule is left with too few electrons. As a result, this unhealthy molecule picks up the new title, free radical.
From here, these new free radicals want to stabilize themselves. In order to do so, they must steal an electron from, or give an electron to, a healthy atom. As a consequence, the healthy atom becomes unstable, and the process continues.
If these free radicals are not neutralized, they can damage or destroy millions of cells, enzymes, and nuclear DNA. Free radicals can also assist in the development of the “bad” LDL cholesterol. Lastly, oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the development of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, eye disease, heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Free radicals are neutralized by antioxidants (antioxygen agents).
References:
- Boyle, Marie A., and Sara Long. Personal Nutrition, Seventh Edition California, Wadsworth College Learning. 2010. Pg. 206-207.
- “Antioxidants: Beyond the Hype.” Harvard School of Public Health. 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011 <http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/antioxidants>
Disclaimer
Reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, and the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. However, this information is not intended to constitute an “authoritative statement” under Food and Drug Administration rules and regulations.
General Safety Advisory
The information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any medical condition or symptom. It is also important to seek the advice of a physician, registered dietitian, pharmacist, or other qualified health professional about the appropriateness of taking dietary supplements and their potential interactions with medications.